Investment

This is the perfect read for you if you’ve been asking yourself these questions. This article explains everything you need to know about investing, from the basics to the different options you can choose from. If you want to start investing, you can’t miss this article!

By the end of the reading, you will understand what an investment is, the different types of assets that exist, and how to choose the best option. Then let’s get started! Are you ready to start investing and making a profit in the future?

What is an investment and how does it work?

An investment refers to the placement of capital in assets with the expectation of a financial return. It is a process by which money or resources are allocated to a particular option with the objective of generating long-term returns.

In essence, an investment involves forgoing the immediate consumption of resources and allocating them to activities that have the potential to generate future benefits. These benefits may take the form of returns, dividends, interest, appreciation in the value of the asset, among others.

How an investment works depends on the type of asset in which it is invested. There are various asset classes in which investors can place their money, such as stocks, bonds, real estate, cryptocurrencies, among others.

Each type of investment has its own characteristics and associated risks. Some assets, such as equities, represent an ownership interest in a company, which implies a potential for earnings through dividends and appreciation in the market value of the shares. Bonds, on the other hand, are debt instruments issued by governments or companies, which offer periodic interest payments and repayment of the principal invested at maturity.

The key to successful investment is careful analysis and assessment of potential risks and opportunities. Investors should consider factors such as expected return, volatility, liquidity and investment horizon.

In addition, it is important to diversify investments by spreading capital across different assets and sectors in order to reduce risk and maximise the chances of consistent returns.

Importance of investment today

Today, with high levels of inflation and constant changes in the economy, it is more important than ever to consider investment as a fundamental tool to preserve and grow our money. Although all investments carry risk and there is the possibility of losing money, it is crucial to understand that if we are not investing, we are losing money due to the depreciation of purchasing power.

Inflation is an economic phenomenon that causes a generalised and sustained increase in the prices of goods and services over time. This means that the money we have today will have less purchasing power in the future. If we simply keep our savings in cash, we are exposed to the loss of value caused by inflation.

Investing gives us the opportunity to offset the impact of inflation and protect our wealth. Through various investment options, such as stocks, bonds, real estate, mutual funds and other assets, we can seek returns that exceed the rate of inflation. In doing so, we increase our chances of maintaining and increasing the purchasing power of our financial resources over time.

It is true that all investments involve risk. Asset prices can fluctuate, and there is the possibility of negative returns in certain periods. However, by taking a prudent and diversified approach, we can mitigate the risks and maximise the opportunities for favourable returns.

It is important to note that each individual has a unique risk profile and time horizon. Before investing, it is essential to assess your risk tolerance and set clear financial goals. Having a sound investment plan and professional advice can help you make informed decisions and balance risks and rewards.

As an example, what is an investment?

In an economic sense, an investment is an investment of capital with the objective of making a profit in the future. An investment of this type is the choice to forgo an immediate benefit in order to obtain an unusual future benefit. For example, suppose a person has $20,000 in savings. With this money he can buy a car.

However, he decides to invest the money in shares of a company so that he can sell them at a higher price in the future. The $20,000 he invests in shares could turn into $40,000 in five years’ time. By then, these entities will have earned income, doubled their capital to buy cars and disposed of the remaining funds. But it should not be forgotten that they initially abandoned the direct realisation of their desires (buying a car).

Objective of the investments

The objective of investments is to generate returns and grow capital over time. Investors seek to increase their wealth and achieve specific financial goals through appropriate investment strategies.

There are different investment objectives that vary according to individual needs and preferences. Some of the common objectives include:

  1. Capital growth: Many investors seek to increase the value of their capital over the long term. Their primary objective is to achieve significant growth in their investment through strategies that allow them to take advantage of growth opportunities across assets and markets.
  2. Income generation: Some investors prioritise the generation of regular income from their investments. They look for assets or instruments that provide stable cash flows, such as stock dividends, bond interest or real estate rents.
  3. Capital preservation: For some investors, the main objective is to protect their capital and maintain its value over time. They tend to opt for investments that are considered safer and more stable, such as low-risk bonds or safe haven assets, in order to minimise exposure to market volatility.
  4. Diversificación y gestión del riesgo: Otro objetivo común de inversión es diversificar la cartera y gestionar el riesgo de manera efectiva. Los inversores buscan equilibrar su cartera entre diferentes clases de activos y sectores, lo que les permite reducir el riesgo de pérdidas significativas en caso de que un activo o mercado específico sufra un revés.
  5. Retirement planning: Many people invest with the goal of securing their financial future in retirement. Accumulating a solid retirement fund is a priority to ensure a comfortable standard of living and to cover expenses in the years after retirement.

It is important to be clear about investment objectives before making financial decisions. Each objective requires specific investment strategies and an understanding of the associated risks. In addition, it is advisable to review and adjust investment objectives over time to accommodate changes in personal and economic circumstances.

Investment Fundamentals

There are basic principles to keep in mind when investing. These principles help us make informed decisions and build a sound investment strategy. Some of the key principles are:

  • Diversification: Diversification is the principle of spreading our capital across different assets and investment classes. By diversifying, we reduce the risk associated with the volatility of a single asset and increase our chances of consistent returns in different market conditions.
  • Time horizon: The time horizon refers to the time frame in which we wish to achieve our investment objectives. It is important to consider the time horizon when selecting appropriate investments, as this will allow us to choose strategies and assets that suit our needs.
  • Liquidity: Liquidity refers to the ability to convert our investments into cash quickly and without significant losses. It is important to assess the liquidity of investments before committing our capital, especially if we have short-term financial needs.
  • Risk and return: There is a direct relationship between risk and the potential return of an investment. The higher the risk, the higher the return may be, but also the greater the potential for losses. It is essential to carefully assess the risks associated with each investment and find a balance that aligns with our objectives and risk tolerance.

Risk and return assessment

Risk and return assessment is a crucial aspect of investing. Before committing our capital, we must conduct a thorough analysis of the risks associated with each investment and assess the expected return potential.

In assessing risk, we must consider factors such as the volatility of the asset, economic and market conditions, the strength of the company or project in which we are investing, and other aspects specific to each investment. It is important to bear in mind that every type of investment involves some level of risk, and you need to be prepared for potential losses.

Assessing potential returns involves analysing the investment’s performance history, future prospects and factors that may influence its growth. It is important to keep in mind that past performance is no guarantee of future returns, but can

What types of investments are there?

1. Investment Funds

Mutual funds are collective investment vehicles in which a group of investors join together to invest in a diversified portfolio of financial assets. These assets may include stocks, bonds, money market instruments and other securities.

The operation of an investment fund is based on the concept of resource pooling. Investors contribute their money to the fund, and this money is used to purchase a variety of assets in accordance with the fund’s investment strategy. In return for their investment, investors receive shares in the fund, known as units or quotas.

Investment funds are managed by professional fund managers, who make investment decisions on behalf of investors. These managers conduct market analysis and evaluations to select the assets that will make up the fund’s portfolio. They also monitor and adjust the portfolio according to changes in market conditions and the fund’s objectives.

One of the advantages of investing in funds is diversification. By investing in a fund, investors gain exposure to a broad range of assets, which helps reduce risk by not relying on a single investment. In addition, mutual funds often offer liquidity, which means that investors can easily buy and sell their holdings.

There are different types of investment funds, such as equity funds (shares), fixed income funds (bonds), mixed funds (investing in a combination of shares and bonds), among others. Each type of fund has its own characteristics, investment objectives and risk levels.

Before investing in a fund, it is important to analyse its performance history, read the fund’s prospectus and understand its investment strategy. The fees and expenses associated with the fund should also be considered, as these may affect the final returns.

2. Robo-advisors

Robo-advisors, also known as automated investment advisors, are digital platforms that use algorithms and technology to provide investment and advisory services in an automated and efficient manner.

The operation of a robo-advisor is based on an investment management process that uses algorithms and mathematical models to make investment decisions. Investors begin by answering an online questionnaire that assesses their investment profile, financial objectives and risk tolerance. Based on these answers, the robo-advisor generates a personalised asset allocation.

Once the asset allocation is established, the robo-advisor is responsible for implementing and managing the investment portfolio. It uses algorithms to select and adjust the underlying assets, such as stocks, bonds, exchange-traded funds (ETFs) or other financial instruments, according to the defined strategy.

Robo-advisors typically follow a passive investment strategy, based on diversification and benchmark replication. This means that they seek to hold a diversified portfolio of assets that reflects a particular index or benchmark, rather than actively seeking investment opportunities or trying to outperform the market.

One of the main advantages of robo-advisors is their accessibility and relatively low costs compared to traditional advisors. As digital platforms, investors can access the services of a robo-advisor through apps or online platforms, without the need for face-to-face interaction. In addition, costs are often lower than those charged by traditional financial advisors, as robo-advisors automate much of the investment process.

However, it is important to note that robo-advisors do not provide personalised financial advice, as they rely on pre-defined algorithms. Therefore, they may be more suitable for investors with simple investment objectives and moderate risk tolerance.

Before investing through a robo-advisor, it is essential to research and evaluate different platforms. It is advisable to consider aspects such as the reputation of the company, the quality of the technology platform, the fees and commissions, as well as the customer service options available.

3. ETFS


Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) are exchange-traded funds, which means they are bought and sold like stocks in the financial markets. These funds are designed to track or replicate the performance of a specific underlying index, such as a stock market index or sector of the economy.

The operation of ETFs is based on the creation and exchange of units of participation, known as “basket creation”. ETF providers create new units of participation by assembling a basket of the assets that make up the underlying index. These new units can then be sold in the market to investors. Similarly, investors can sell their holding units in the market and ETF providers can buy them back in what is known as a “basket swap”.

The main advantage of ETFs is their ability to provide broad diversification to investors. By replicating a broad index, such as the S&P 500, an ETF allows investors to gain exposure to a broad portfolio of stocks with a single trade. This helps reduce risk by not relying on a single investment. In addition, ETFs offer liquidity, as they can be bought and sold at any time during market hours.

ETFs also offer transparency as to the composition of their portfolio, as they usually publish the list of assets they hold on a daily basis. This allows investors to know exactly what they are investing in and to assess whether it is in line with their objectives.

There are different types of ETFs, ranging from equity ETFs (which track equity indices), to fixed income ETFs (which track bond indices), sector ETFs (which focus on a specific sector of the economy) and commodity ETFs (which track the price of commodities such as gold or oil), among others.

Before investing in an ETF, it is important to research and evaluate different options. Consideration should be given to the underlying index tracked by the ETF, the trading volume, associated fees and expenses, as well as the quality of the ETF provider. It is also essential to understand the risks associated with investing in the underlying market that the ETF replicates.

4. SOCIMI (REIT)

SOCIMIs (Sociedades Anónimas Cotizadas de Inversión en el Mercado Inmobiliario), also known as REITs (Real Estate Investment Trusts), are investment vehicles specialised in the real estate sector. These companies are characterised by the fact that their capital is divided into shares and listed on the stock exchange, allowing investors to buy and sell shares in these companies as if they were shares in any other company.

The operation of a SOCIMI or REIT implies that the company invests in a diversified portfolio of real estate assets, such as commercial properties, offices, rental housing, hotels or other types of real estate. These companies must allocate most of their profits to the distribution of dividends to shareholders, which makes them an attractive option for investors seeking regular income.

One of the main characteristics of SOCIMIs or REITs is their favourable tax regime. These companies are subject to certain conditions and requirements, such as having the majority of their capital invested in real estate assets and distributing at least 80% of their profits to shareholders. In return, they enjoy tax benefits, such as corporate tax exemption, allowing them to maximise returns to investors.

Investing in SOCIMIs or REITs provides investors with the opportunity to participate in the real estate market in a diversified and liquid manner. By purchasing shares in a SOCIMI, investors gain exposure to a diversified portfolio of properties without the need to purchase and manage properties individually.

It is important to note that the performance of a SOCIMI or REIT is influenced by the performance of the real estate market and other economic factors. Investors should carefully assess the quality of the SOCIMI’s real estate portfolio, its investment strategy, expected dividends, as well as the risks and prospects of the real estate market in general.

5. Hedge Funds.

Hedge funds are privately managed investment vehicles that seek to generate returns through different investment strategies. Unlike traditional investment funds, hedge funds are typically aimed at sophisticated, high net worth investors due to their structure and minimum investment requirements.

Hedge funds operate by implementing diversified and flexible investment strategies with the objective of outperforming the market in different economic conditions. These funds have the ability to invest in a wide range of assets, including equities, bonds, financial derivatives, currencies, commodities and other complex financial instruments.

Hedge funds use a variety of investment strategies, such as arbitrage, short selling, leverage, derivatives trading and other sophisticated techniques. The main objective of these strategies is to reduce risk and increase returns, even in times of volatility or decline in financial markets.

Unlike traditional investment funds, hedge funds tend to have greater flexibility in terms of structure and management. They can use more complex risk management techniques and have the ability to take short positions in assets, which allows them to profit even when markets are declining. In addition, Hedge Funds often charge an incentive fee, which is a percentage of the returns earned, in addition to the usual management fees.

It is important to note that hedge funds tend to have a higher risk profile than traditional investment funds, as they may use more aggressive strategies and operate in less liquid markets. In addition, as they tend to be aimed at sophisticated investors, they are subject to less stringent regulations compared to retail investment funds.

Given the high level of complexity and risk associated with hedge funds, it is essential that interested investors conduct thorough research and fully understand the strategies and risks involved. In addition, they often require a significant minimum investment and may have liquidity restrictions, which means that investors may not be able to withdraw their funds at any time.

6. Actions

Shares represent partial ownership of a company. When someone owns shares in a company, he or she becomes a shareholder and has rights over that company, such as the right to receive dividends and the right to participate in important decisions through voting at shareholders’ meetings.

The way shares work is simple. When a company decides to sell shares to the public, it does so through an initial public offering (IPO) or through subsequent issues. Investors can buy these shares in the primary market, directly from the company, or in the secondary market, where they are traded among investors on stock exchanges.

The value of a share is determined by a number of factors, such as the company’s financial performance, its growth prospects, supply and demand in the market, as well as macroeconomic factors and events related to the company or the industry in which it operates. Investors buy shares in the hope that their value will increase over time, allowing them to profit when they sell them in the future.

Investing in shares can offer benefits to investors. In addition to the possibility of capital gains through share price increases, some investors also receive dividends, which are periodic payments that companies distribute to shareholders as part of their profits. However, it is important to note that investing in shares involves risks, as prices can fluctuate and shares can lose value.

There are different approaches to investing in equities. Some investors opt for long-term investing, looking for solid companies with long-term growth prospects. Others may opt for active trading, which involves buying and selling stocks more frequently to take advantage of short-term fluctuations in prices.

When investing in equities, it is essential to research and evaluate the companies in which you are interested. This involves analysing their financial fundamentals, market position, management team and other relevant factors. You should also consider diversifying your portfolio by investing in different companies and sectors to reduce risk.

7. Business

Business investment generally refers to investment in existing or early-stage businesses or ventures. Investing in businesses involves providing capital or resources in exchange for a share in the profits and growth of the business.

How business investment works can vary depending on the type of agreement reached between the investor and the entrepreneur or business owner. Some common forms of business investment include:

  1. Equity investment: The investor provides cash capital in exchange for a stake in the business. This investment may be long term and the investor may receive dividends or profits based on their stake in the business.
  2. Debt investment: Instead of acquiring a stake in the business, the investor lends money to the company and receives periodic interest payments. This type of investment involves less risk compared to equity investment, but also offers a potentially lower return.
  3. Angel investment: Angel investors are high net worth individuals who invest in early stage start-ups and emerging companies. In addition to capital, angel investors can also provide advice and business expertise to entrepreneurs.
  4. Venture capital: Venture capital funds invest in early-stage or growth-stage companies. These funds often have a specific focus on particular industries or sectors and seek significant returns through growth and subsequent sale or exit of the company.

When investing in businesses, it is essential to conduct thorough due diligence. This involves researching and evaluating the business model, target market, competition, management team and other relevant factors. In addition, it is important to assess the risk associated with the investment and to keep in mind that investments in businesses may be long-term and do not guarantee immediate returns.

Business investment can be an exciting and potentially lucrative way to invest capital and participate in the growth and success of a company. However, it also involves significant risks and it is advisable to seek professional financial advice before making investment decisions in this area.

8. Real estate.

Real estate investment refers to the acquisition and holding of real estate for the purpose of making a profit through leasing, appreciation in value or resale. Real estate may include residential property, commercial property, industrial property or land.

The operation of real estate investment involves several steps. First, a property is identified that is considered suitable for investment. Then, a detailed analysis of the property and the real estate market is carried out to assess its profitability potential.

Once the property has been acquired, investors can choose to generate income through leasing. This involves renting the property to tenants and receiving periodic rental payments. Leasing can provide stable income over the long term, but it also requires proper management and maintenance of the property.

Another way to profit from real estate investment is through appreciation in value. Over time, the value of the property may increase due to factors such as demand in the real estate market, improvements in local infrastructure or changes in the economic environment. If investors decide to sell the property at a later point in time, they can realise gains based on the difference between the purchase price and the sale price.

In addition, investors may also seek investment opportunities in real estate under development or construction projects. These projects may require significant initial investment, but also have the potential to generate attractive returns as construction is completed and the property is brought into operation.

It is important to note that investment in real estate involves specific risks and considerations. Investors must evaluate factors such as the location of the property, market demand, maintenance costs, proper management of the property and associated legal and tax issues.

In addition, it is essential to diversify the real estate investment portfolio to mitigate risk. This means not investing all capital in a single property, but diversifying across different types of properties or in different geographical locations.

9. Crowdfunding


Crowdfunding, also known as crowdfunding, is a funding model that allows individuals or companies to raise funds for projects, products or causes through the contribution of a large number of people, usually via online platforms.

Crowdfunding works on the basis of collaboration and community participation. The individual or company seeking funding creates a campaign on a crowdfunding platform, where they describe the project, set a funding goal and establish rewards or incentives for contributors. These rewards can vary depending on the amount of money donated and can include products, exclusive services, recognition or participation in the project.

Contributors, or “funders” in crowdfunding, can be people interested in the project, supporters of the cause or simply people who find the project attractive and wish to support it. They can make donations or monetary investments through the crowdfunding platform, usually using online payment methods.

There are different types of crowdfunding, including:

  1. Reward crowdfunding: Contributors receive non-monetary rewards or incentives in exchange for their donation, such as products or services related to the project.
  2. Loan crowdfunding: Contributors lend money to the person or company seeking funding and expect repayment of the loan with interest over a specified period of time.
  3. Participation crowdfunding: Contributors invest money in a company or project and receive a share in the profits or ownership of the company.
  4. Donation crowdfunding: Contributors make donations without expecting financial rewards or benefits in return. This type of crowdfunding is commonly used for charitable causes, social projects or emergencies.

Crowdfunding has gained popularity in recent years due to its accessibility and ability to connect entrepreneurs and creators with a broad base of potential funders. It allows projects or companies to obtain funding without resorting to traditional sources, such as bank loans or venture capitalists.

However, it is important to note that crowdfunding also comes with risks and challenges. Not all projects reach their funding goal and not all funders receive a significant return on their investment. In addition, there are risks of fraud or default of funded projects.

Despite these challenges, crowdfunding has proven to be a powerful tool to boost creative projects, support social causes and enable innovative ideas to become reality through the collective support of the community.

10. Bonds

Bonds are debt instruments issued by government entities, corporations or financial institutions for the purpose of obtaining financing. Bonds represent a loan from the investor to the issuer, who agrees to pay periodic interest and repay the principal loaned at a stated maturity date.

The operation of bonds involves several key elements:

  1. Issuance: The issuer decides to issue bonds to raise capital. These bonds are offered to the public through a public offering or sold to institutional investors in the primary market.
  2. Par value and coupon: Each bond has a nominal value, which represents the amount of the loan. In addition, a coupon is set, which is the periodic interest that the issuer will pay to the investor based on the face value of the bond and the agreed interest rate.
  3. Term and maturity: Bonds have a fixed term, which can vary from a few years to several decades. At the end of the term, on the maturity date, the issuer undertakes to repay the face value of the bond to the investor.
  4. Interest rates: Bonds can have fixed interest rates, where the coupon remains constant over the life of the bond, or floating interest rates, where the coupon is adjusted periodically based on a benchmark index.

Bonds are considered relatively safe investment instruments, as they generally offer regular interest payments and have a fixed maturity date. In addition, government bonds are considered less risky than corporate bonds, as governments tend to have a greater capacity to meet their payment obligations.

Bond investors can profit in two main ways:

  1. Interest: Investors receive periodic interest payments, usually semi-annually or annually, based on the interest rate stated on the bond and the face value of the bond.
  2. Capital gains: If bonds are bought below face value or if interest rates decline, the market value of the bonds may increase. In that case, investors can sell the bonds at a higher price than the purchase price, thereby realising a capital gain.

It is important to note that bonds also present risks. For example, there is the risk of issuer default, which means that the issuer is unable to meet its payment obligations. In addition, bonds may be subject to interest rate risk and market risk, meaning that the value of bonds may fluctuate depending on changes in interest rates or economic conditions.

11. Bank deposits .

Bank deposits are a common form of investment in which individuals deposit their money with a financial institution, such as a bank, in exchange for receiving interest on that money. Bank deposits offer security and liquidity to investors, as they are generally backed by deposit insurance schemes and can be withdrawn at any time.

The way bank deposits work is simple:

  1. Opening an account: The investor opens an account at a financial institution, such as a bank, and deposits a certain amount of money. There can be different types of accounts, such as savings accounts, current accounts or certificates of deposit.
  2. Term and interest rate: In the case of certificates of deposit, a fixed term is established during which the money must remain on deposit. In return, the bank offers an agreed interest rate, which may be fixed or variable, to be applied to the amount deposited.
  3. Interest payments: Over the term of the deposit, the investor receives periodic interest payments. These payments may be monthly, quarterly, half-yearly or annual, depending on the terms of the deposit.
  4. Maturity and withdrawal: At the end of the agreed term, the investor may withdraw the money deposited together with the accrued interest. In some cases, if the investor decides to withdraw the money before the maturity date, he/she may be subject to penalties or receive a reduced interest rate.

Bank deposits are considered a safe investment option, as they are generally backed by each country’s deposit insurance systems. This means that in case the financial institution goes bankrupt or has financial problems, customers’ deposits are protected up to a certain limit set by law.

In addition, bank deposits offer high liquidity, which means that money can be withdrawn at any time without restrictions. This makes them a popular choice for investors who wish to have immediate access to their funds in case of need.

12. Crowdlending

Crowdlending is a form of financing in which individuals or companies apply for loans through online platforms to a group of lenders, who contribute small amounts of money to fund the loan as a whole. Unlike traditional lending, crowdlending provides funding from multiple sources, which allows diversification of risk and facilitates access to credit for different projects.

How crowdlending works involves the following steps:

  1. Loan application: The borrower interested in obtaining financing submits an application on a crowdlending platform, detailing the amount of the loan, the purpose of the loan and the proposed conditions, such as the repayment term and the interest rate he/she is willing to pay.
  2. Risk assessment: The crowdlending platform performs a credit risk assessment of the borrower, based on financial information, credit history and other relevant factors. This assessment determines the viability and risk level of the loan.
  3. Loan offer: Once the application is approved, the platform presents the loan to lenders registered on its platform. Lenders can review the borrower’s information and decide whether they want to invest in the loan and in what amount.
  4. Group funding: Lenders contribute small amounts of money to fund the loan together. Each lender can invest in a portion of the loan and receive interest proportional to their investment.
  5. Payment of interest and repayment: The borrower makes periodic payments of interest and principal according to the agreed terms. These payments are distributed among the lenders according to their share of the loan. At the end of the term, the borrower must repay the loan in full.

Crowdlending offers benefits for both borrowers and lenders. For borrowers, crowdlending can provide an alternative and accessible source of funding, especially for those who have difficulty borrowing through traditional channels. In addition, crowdlending can offer more flexible terms and competitive interest rates.

On the other hand, lenders can diversify their investments and earn attractive returns by participating in different loans. They also have the possibility to choose the projects or borrowers they wish to invest in, based on their level of risk and projected profitability.

However, it is important to note that crowdlending also involves risks. There is a possibility that borrowers will default on their repayment obligations, which can result in losses for lenders. Therefore, careful assessment of borrowers and diversification of investments is essential to mitigate risks.

13. Commodities

Commodities are natural resources that are extracted from the earth and used for the production of goods and services. In the investment arena, commodities are also considered as an asset class in which investors can trade for profit.

The commodities market offers a wide range of products, including metals, energy, agricultural products and commodities. Common examples of commodities include gold, silver, oil, natural gas, wheat, corn and coffee, among others.

Investment in raw materials can be carried out in different ways:

  1. Physical purchase: Investors can purchase commodities in physical form and store them on their own. For example, they may purchase gold bullion or barrels of oil and store them in suitable storage facilities. This form of investment involves direct ownership of the commodity.
  2. Futures and options: Investors can also trade in the commodity futures and options markets. Futures contracts allow investors to buy or sell a specific quantity of a commodity at a future date and at a pre-agreed price. Options, on the other hand, give the investor the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a commodity at a specific date and price.
  3. Commodity investment funds: There are specialised commodity investment funds that allow investors to have exposure to various commodities without the need to physically own them. These funds invest in futures contracts or other financial instruments related to commodities.

When considering investment in raw materials, it is important to take into account a number of factors:

  • Supply and demand: Commodity prices can be influenced by market supply and demand. Changes in production, global demand, inventories and geopolitical factors can affect prices.
  • Market Risk: The commodities market can be volatile and subject to significant price fluctuations. Investors should be prepared to deal with volatility and understand the risks associated with investing in commodities.
  • Diversification: Investing in commodities can provide diversification in an investment portfolio, as they tend to behave differently from stocks and bonds. However, it is important to further diversify commodity investments to mitigate commodity-specific risks.
  • Research and analysis: Before investing in commodities, it is essential to conduct thorough research and analysis of the market. This includes understanding the factors affecting prices, following relevant news and events, and assessing the supply and demand fundamentals for each particular commodity.

14. Cryptocurrencies

Cryptocurrencies are decentralised digital currencies that use cryptography to guarantee secure transactions and control the creation of new units. The best known and pioneer of all cryptocurrencies is Bitcoin, but there are many others on the market, such as Ethereum, Ripple, Litecoin, among others.

Investing in cryptocurrencies has gained popularity in recent years due to their return potential and the innovative technology behind them, known as blockchain. Here are some important things to consider when investing in cryptocurrencies:

  1. Volatility: Cryptocurrencies are known for their high price volatility. Their values can experience significant changes in short periods of time, which can lead to quick gains but also to considerable losses. It is essential to understand and be prepared for market volatility.
  2. Research and education: Before investing in cryptocurrencies, it is important to research and understand the fundamentals of each cryptocurrency you are interested in. Learn about its underlying technology, its use case, its development team and the news and events that can influence its price.
  3. Diversification: As with any type of investment, diversification is key. Don’t put all your resources into one cryptocurrency. Instead, consider diversifying your portfolio by investing in several different cryptocurrencies. This can help reduce risk and increase profit opportunities.
  4. Security: The security of your cryptocurrencies is critical. Make sure you use secure digital wallets and follow good security practices, such as using two-factor authentication and protecting your private keys. Avoid unregulated and suspicious platforms that may compromise the security of your assets.
  5. Regulations and compliance: The regulatory landscape for cryptocurrencies is constantly evolving in many countries. It is important to be aware of local regulations and comply with applicable tax and financial laws in your jurisdiction. This will help you avoid legal problems and protect your investments.
  6. Blockchain technology: Understanding blockchain technology is fundamental to understanding cryptocurrencies. Blockchain technology has applications beyond cryptocurrencies and can have a significant impact on a variety of industries. Stay up to date on developments and trends in this area.

Remember that investing in cryptocurrencies involves risk and it is important to consider your risk tolerance and financial goals before investing. If you are new to cryptocurrencies, it is advisable to start with small amounts and learn gradually as you gain experience and knowledge.

15. Valuables and collectibles

Investment in valuables and collectibles encompasses a wide range of items that have intrinsic value due to their rarity, quality, beauty or historical significance. These items may include art, jewellery, watches, antique coins, stamps, antiques, fine wines, classic automobiles and other collectibles.

When investing in valuables and collectibles, it is important to consider the following points:

  1. Research: Do thorough research on the object you are interested in. Learn about its history, authenticity, state of preservation and market demand. Consult experts in the field or look for reliable information in books, magazines and websites.
  2. Authenticity: Authenticity is crucial when investing in valuables and collectibles. Make sure you purchase authentic and legitimate items. Always verify provenance and request certificates of authenticity where possible.
  3. Conservation: The condition of the object can influence its value. Keep objects in a suitable environment and follow conservation recommendations to preserve their original condition. Some objects may require special care, such as humidity control, temperature and protection from direct sunlight.
  4. Diversification: As with any investment, diversification is important. Don’t invest all of your capital in one type of item. Consider diversifying your portfolio of valuables and collectibles to reduce risk and increase profit opportunities.
  5. Market trends: Study market trends to determine which valuables and collectibles are in demand. This can help you make informed decisions about what to buy and when to sell.
  6. Specialised marketplace: Some valuables and collectibles have specialised marketplaces where collectors and dealers meet to buy and sell. Participating in these markets can give you access to a network of experts and potential buyers.
  7. Associated costs: This takes into account the costs associated with investing in valuables and collectibles, such as storage costs, insurance, periodic appraisals and commissions in the case of sales through intermediaries.

Remember that investing in valuables and collectibles can be exciting, but it also carries risks. The value of these items can be subjective and fluctuate over time due to factors such as market demand and changing trends. It is important to have a long-term perspective and be willing to hold your investments for extended periods of time to get the best results.

16. MForeign exchange market (Forex).

The foreign exchange market, commonly known as Forex (short for Foreign Exchange), is the decentralised global market where different currencies are traded. It is the largest and most liquid financial market in the world, with a daily trading volume in excess of trillions of dollars.

In the foreign exchange market, investors buy and sell currencies with the aim of making profits by taking advantage of fluctuations in exchange rates. Here are some key facts about the foreign exchange market and forex trading:

  1. Currency pairs: Forex trading is carried out in currency pairs. Each pair is composed of two currencies, a base currency and a quote currency. For example, the EUR/USD pair represents the value of the euro in relation to the US dollar. Investors speculate on the movement of exchange rates, buying one currency and selling another at the same time.
  2. High liquidity: The foreign exchange market is extremely liquid due to its size and the involvement of numerous participants, such as banks, financial institutions, governments, corporations and individual traders. This means that it is relatively easy to enter and exit Forex positions, even with large trading volumes.
  3. Leverage: Leverage is a common feature of the Forex market. It allows investors to trade with more capital than they actually own. However, leverage also increases risk, as potential losses are also multiplied. It is essential to understand how leverage works and to use it wisely.
  4. Trading hours: Unlike other financial markets, the Forex market is open 24 hours a day, five days a week. This is because the market is decentralised and transactions are conducted through a global network of financial centres. Investors can trade Forex in different sessions, taking advantage of variations in the international markets.
  5. Analysis and strategies: When investing in Forex, it is essential to use technical and fundamental analysis to make informed decisions. Technical analysis is based on the study of past charts and price patterns to predict future movements. Fundamental analysis involves evaluating economic, political and social factors that can influence exchange rates.
  6. Risk management: Proper risk management is crucial in the Forex market. This involves setting stop-loss limits, using stop-loss and take-profit orders, and diversifying trades. It is also advisable to use risk management tools, such as appropriate position sizing in relation to available capital.
  7. Education and practice: Before investing in Forex, it is essential to gain a solid understanding of the market, its basic concepts and trading strategies. Using demo accounts or trading small amounts of money can help you gain experience and familiarise yourself with market dynamics before making more significant investments.

17. Gold

Gold has long been considered a safe-haven asset and a popular form of investment. Here are some key points about investing in gold:

  1. Safe haven: Gold has historically been considered a safe haven during times of economic uncertainty and volatility in other financial markets. Investors tend to look to gold as an asset that can preserve its value in crisis situations.
  2. Diversification: Gold can play an important role in diversifying an investment portfolio. As an asset that is not directly correlated to other markets, such as stocks or bonds, gold can help reduce the overall risk of a portfolio.
  3. Reserve of value: Throughout history, gold has maintained its value over the long term. Unlike fiat currencies, whose value can be affected by inflation and government policies, gold tends to maintain its purchasing power over time.
  4. Physical and financial investment: Investors can purchase physical gold in the form of bullion, coins or jewellery, or invest in gold-backed financial instruments such as exchange-traded funds (ETFs) or futures contracts. The choice between physical and financial investment will depend on individual preferences and circumstances.
  5. Secure storage: If you choose to invest in physical gold, it is important to consider secure storage. You may choose to store your gold in bank vaults or use specialised storage services. The safety and security of gold are key aspects to consider.
  6. Valuation and analysis: When investing in gold, it is important to consider factors that can influence its value, such as supply and demand, economic and political events, and interest rates. Following gold market analysis and forecasts can be helpful in making informed investment decisions.
  7. Risks: Although gold is considered a safe-haven asset, it still carries risks. Gold prices can experience short-term volatility and there is no guarantee of returns. In addition, the costs associated with buying, storing and selling physical gold must also be taken into account.

An investment is a deposit of money with the expectation of a positive return in the future. In other words, investing means owning an asset or commodity with the intention of earning a return on the investment, or increasing the value of the investment, i.e. increasing the value of the asset over a period of time.

The best websites to learn how to invest in the stock market

If you are interested in learning how to invest in the stock market, there are several websites that offer educational resources and useful tools for acquiring knowledge and skills in the field of investing. Here are some of the best websites for learning how to invest in the stock market:

  1. Investopedia (www.investopedia.com): Investopedia es una de las fuentes más reconocidas y completas en términos de educación financiera. Ofrece una amplia variedad de artículos, tutoriales, videos y cursos gratuitos sobre inversiones en bolsa, conceptos financieros y estrategias de inversión.
  2. Yahoo Finance (finance.yahoo.com): Yahoo Finance is a platform that provides real-time financial information, market news and analysis tools. It is a trusted source for data and research on stocks, funds and other financial assets.
  3. The Motley Fool (www.fool.com): The Motley Fool es un recurso en línea que ofrece análisis de inversiones, consejos y estrategias para inversores de todos los niveles de experiencia. Proporciona contenido educativo y análisis de acciones y fondos, así como una comunidad activa de inversores.
  4. Investopedia Academy (www.investopedia.com/academy): Investopedia Academy ofrece una variedad de cursos en línea diseñados para ayudar a los inversores a mejorar sus conocimientos y habilidades en diferentes áreas, incluyendo inversiones en bolsa. Los cursos están desarrollados por expertos en la industria y ofrecen contenido práctico y de calidad.
  5. CNBC (www.cnbc.com): CNBC es un canal de noticias financiero que cubre los mercados globales y proporciona análisis, entrevistas y noticias relevantes para los inversores. Su sitio web ofrece una amplia gama de recursos educativos, videos y artículos sobre inversiones en bolsa y temas relacionados.
  6. Morningstar (www.morningstar.com): Morningstar es una plataforma especializada en investigación de inversiones y análisis de fondos. Proporciona información detallada sobre acciones, fondos mutuos, ETFs y otros productos financieros, así como herramientas de análisis y calificaciones de calidad para ayudar a los inversores a tomar decisiones informadas.

Remember that these websites are educational resources, but it is always important to supplement learning with additional research, consultation with financial professionals and actual practice in the market. Knowledge and experience are fundamental to successful investing.

Market Team.

The “Market Team” refers to the group of professionals responsible for analysing and studying financial markets, conducting research and providing investment recommendations. This team is composed of experts in financial analysis, economics, investment strategies and other related areas.

The main objective of the Market Team is to provide up-to-date information and analysis to investors to help them make informed decisions and maximise their investment opportunities. These professionals monitor changes and trends in the financial markets, analyse economic and financial data, assess risks and opportunities, and prepare reports and recommendations based on their expertise and knowledge.

The Market Team may work in different entities, such as financial institutions, banks, brokerage firms, investment houses or asset management companies. Their work may include conducting technical and fundamental analysis, monitoring economic news and events, identifying investment opportunities and producing reports and forecasts.

Some of the responsibilities and functions of the Market Team include:

  1. Market analysis: Conduct research and analysis of financial markets, including equities, bonds, currencies, commodities and other assets, to assess their performance and future projections.
  2. Economic research: Analyse economic indicators, government policies and global events that may impact financial markets and investment decisions.
  3. Reporting: Prepare reports and publications summarising the team’s analysis and recommendations, providing investors with clear and accurate information on investment opportunities and risks.
  4. Advice: To provide personalised advice to clients or investors, based on the team’s analysis and knowledge, to help them make the right decisions in relation to their financial objectives.

It is important to note that the composition and structure of the Market Team may vary depending on the institution and the industry in which they operate. However, in general, their objective is to support investors and provide them with reliable and valuable information to make informed financial decisions.

Frequently asked questions on investment

What is an investment and how does it work?

What is an investment? An investment is a way of potentially increasing the amount of money you have. Your goal is to buy a financial product, called an investment, and sell it at a higher price than when you bought it. These include stocks, bonds, mutual funds and annuities.

What does it mean to invest?

An investment is an asset or item that is purchased in order to generate income or increase its value… For example, an investor may buy a financial asset now in the hope that it will generate income in the future, and later sell it at a higher price to make a profit. There are four main types, or asset classes, of investment, each with different characteristics, risks and rewards

  • Growth.
  • Equities.
  • Real estate property.
  • Defensive investments.
  • Cash.
  • Fixed interest rates.

How can I make money from my investments?

  • Play the stock market. Day trading is not for the faint of heart.
  • Earn money by investing in courses. Investing in yourself is one of the best opportunities.
  • Commodity trading.
  • Trading cryptocurrencies.
  • Take advantage of peer-to-peer lending.
  • Trading options.
  • Contracts for the purchase and sale of real estate.

What should newcomers invest in?

Top 6 investments for beginners

Can I get rich by investing?

Investing in stocks will not make you a millionaire overnight. The road to wealth is slow, steady and continuous. At an average return of 7% a year, your initial investment will double in 10 years. You won’t achieve that goal if you put your money in a piggy bank.

Which investments are the riskiest?

Fixed income includes bonds and bond funds. Equities include equities and mutual funds, the riskiest of the three main asset classes, but with the highest return potential.

How can I start investing safely?

The right path.

  • Try using a cookie jar.
  • Let a robo-advisor manage your assets.
  • Starting to invest in stocks with a small amount of money
  • Immerse yourself in the real estate market.
  • Joining a company pension plan.
  • Invest your money in investment funds with low initial costs.
  • Buy treasury bills safely.

What are the five stages of investment?

  • Step 1: Savings Account This is the first savings account you should open when you start earning money.
  • Step 2: Start investing
  • Step 3: Planned investment
  • Step 4: Strategic investment
  • Step 5: Speculative investment

How much would I have to invest to earn $1,000 per month?

Even this high-yield investment may not be the answer you are looking for, as you would need to invest at least $100,000 to earn $1,000 per month. In the case of the safest stocks, you would have to pay almost twice as much to earn $1,000 a month.

What do the rich invest in?

The very rich invest in assets such as private property, commercial property, land, gold and even art. Real estate is a popular asset class in their portfolios because it offsets the volatility of equities.

Which investments are the safest and which offer the best returns?

The best and safest investments for your money

  • High yield savings accounts.
  • Certificates of deposit.
  • Gold.
  • Government bonds.
  • Series I savings bonds.
  • Corporate bonds.
  • Real estate property.
  • Preferred stock.

Why is it profitable to invest?

  1. Thanks to compound interest, your money will grow faster over time.
  2. Puedes acostumbrarte a ello, es decir, puedes desarrollar la disciplina y la persistencia, que son claves para construir un legado.
  3. By saving and investing a fixed amount, you can average your investments, buying more when the market falls and less when it rises in value. This is much more effective in the long run.
  4. Investing gives you the experience and knowledge you need to make more informed decisions. The more familiar you are with the different types of products, and the more you understand their volatility and potential returns, the easier it will be to build a portfolio that suits your needs and risk profile.

We have reached the end of our article on investing. We hope you have learned much and feel more confident about investing.

Remember that investments are a way to earn profits in the future, but they also involve a certain level of risk. Therefore, you must research and become well-informed before making an investment decision. It is also advisable to talk to a financial advisor to get an expert view on the options that best suit your needs and objectives.

Suppose you have decided to start investing; congratulations! You are making an important decision that can help you reach your financial goals and build a more secure future. Good luck on your path to success!

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